Surgery Among Chine Rectal Cancer Patients â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Examine About The Surgery Among Chine Rectal Cancer Patients? Answer: Introducation Laparotomy is a kind of entry point in the stomach depression. This sort of activity is for the most part for the assessment of the stomach organs and for the conclusion of a difficult which incorporates stomach torment. After the laparotomy had been done it can cause to different issues. Here in this consideration plan there has been depicted the best three need issues are danger of stoppage, heathcare torment and skin/tissue trustworthiness, impaired(Ackley Makic, 2016). Learning triggers. Basis/clinical thinking identifying with the IBL situation What is intestinal hindrance? What are the kinds of intestinal obstacle? What is the distinction in the clinical indications of little or enormous intestinal block? It is a kind of blockage in the digestive tract might be fractional or complete which forestalls the death of the substance of the digestive tract. Sorts of obstacle are little inside deterrent and enormous gut hindrance (Cobb et al, 2105). Clinical appearances of little entrail hindrance bonds (past activity) outside hernia little inside volvulus (essential) neoplasms Clinical appearances of enormous inside impediment carcinoma of colon volvulus (sigmoid) diverticular sickness ) What are a portion of the introducing grumblings of Mr Jones that is characteristic of inside impediment? Mr. Jones is seeing some blood with his stool; he was additionally experiencing stomach torment and blockage. What are the careful objectives and the pre-employable groundwork for a patient going for colorectal medical procedure? The patient beginnings getting ready for the medical procedure scarcely any days prior to the surgery(Doenges Murr, 2014). The specialist may recommend the oral anti-infection agents to begin days before the medical procedure. The patient is approached to keep the colon as vacant as conceivable to keep the danger of contamination under control. 2) The activity has a stoma and a huge dressing covering his laparotomy wound. The essential standard of the medical procedure is to evacuate the vascular pedicle alongside the lymphatics which takes care of the tumor. This method is done to acquire a tumor free edge. What sort of medical procedure does Mr Jones requirement for his recto sigmoid tumor? For what reason is a colostomy acted in Mr Jones case? A crisis laparotomy was done on Mr. Jones for the resection of the recto-sigmoid tumor. After the medical procedure he has a stoma and an enormous dressing covering his laparotomy wound (Lambrecht et al., 2015). 4) What are the kinds of ostomies? What are the particular nursing the executives after ostomy medical procedure? Two sorts of ostomies are ilieostomy and colostomy. Nursing care the board plan after medical procedure are: Appraisal on the stoma area and the colostomy. Position an assortment sack or drainable pocket over the stoma. Void a drainable pocket or supplant the colostomy sack as per the need or when it is 33% full. Give stomal and healthy skin to the customer with a colostomy(Zhang Zheng, 2017). To what extent will it take for Mr Joness colostomy to be dynamic? What are a portion of the potential zones of worries of Mr Jones returning home with a colostomy? Post usable consideration for Mr. Jones are: Mr. Jones needs to carefully follow a decent eating routine which includes a great deal of new natural products ans vegetables. Eating yogurt or drinking buttermilk may help diminish gas. Mr Jones must change his pocket. Void the pocket when it is 33% full. Mr Jones must quit eating such nourishments like cabbage, broccoli, onions, garlic and fish in to decrease the smell of the gut. Without fail while exhausting the pocket, cautiously clean the pocket opening. Always remember to clean both inside and outside of the pocket with a wet tissue. He should wash his pocket 1 or multiple times day by day after you void it (Di Gesaro, 2012) 5) Identify a portion of the general post-employable nursing care worries after a laparotomy? A little cylinder may have been gone through your nose and into your stomach to assist channel with tolerating emissions for a day or two(Doenges Murr, 2014). A urinary catheter might be embedded to deplete off pee. Help with discomfort ought to be given normally, as requested by the specialist. 5) Prepare a patient family showing guide for Mr Jones Mrs Jones on ostomy self consideration. What are the consequences for food on stoma yield? Eat suppers routinely. This implies eating little dinners each 2 to 3 hours or 6 to 8 times each day. At every supper and tidbit attempt to eat a dull food and protein food. Dull nourishments incorporate bread, grain, rice, pasta and potatoes(Doenges Murr, 2014). Protein nourishments incorporate meat, fish, cheddar, nutty spread and eggs. Table 2 Nursing finding (from NANDA-I) Objective Nursing mediations Method of reasoning Assessment/ anticipated result Danger of clogging To diminish the danger of obstruction this for the most part causes after the laparotomy or the recently made colostomy(Vierimaa, 2015). Screen the admission of food and the yield of the body cautiously; observing the hydration status of the patients(Vierimaa, 2015). To evaluate the signs and side effects for stoppage; to break down the example of the diminishing inside sounds and to actualize a few measures for forestalling blockage (Wright et al, 2014). The stool created and passed was typical. The stomach Pain is assuaged; recurrence of the solid discharges; section of the ordinary stools; decreased inclination the weight of rectal totality and no blood during poop (Wrigh et al, 2014). Intense agony to diminish the level of uneasiness Survey agony of some particular area; urge the patients to state their anxiety; giving solace; empowering unwinding strategies and give sitz showers (Grant et al, 2013). Aides for the assessment of level of uneasiness; to diminish nervousness and dread; decrease in muscle strain; exhortation the patient to rest more; eases the inconvenience, lessens edema and aides in advancing mending (Grant et al., 2013). After the mediation, the treatment began by the patients concerned. The agony is alleviated. The patient can rest and rest; and solace to the people. Skin/Tissue Integrity, disabled To accomplish mending of twisted on schedule. Watch wounds; change the dressings on schedule; urging the patient to lie on side lying position. Postoperative drain happens at the beginning time yet contamination creates whenever. Much measure of draining requires dressing which is to be changed as often as possible. Drawn out sitting increments perineal weight, decreasing flow to wound, and may postpone mending (Zanella Di Leo, 2016). The skin of the patient would mend after some time. The stoma would be effortless. The agony would be assuaged, improves comfort, and advances rest. PCA might be progressively valuable, particularly following butt-centric perineal fix (Grant et al., 2013). References: Ackley, L. G., Makic, . (2016). Nursing Diagnosis Handbook-E-Book: An Evidence-Based Guide to Planning Care. . Elsevier Health Sciences. Cobb, M. D., Grant, M., Tallman, N. J., Wendel, C. S., Colwell, J., McCorkle, R., Krouse, R. S. (2015). Colostomy water system: ebb and flow information and practice of WOC nurses.Journal of Wound Ostomy Continence Nursing,42(1), 65-70. doi: 10.1097/WON.0000000000000075 Doenges, M. M., Murr, . (2014). Nursing care plans: Guidelines for individualizing customer care over the life expectancy. . FA Davis. Lambrecht, J. R., Larsen, S. G., Reiertsen, O., Vaktskjold, A., Julsrud, L., Flatmark, K. (2015). Prophylactic work at end?colostomy development lessens parastomal hernia rate: a randomized trial.Colorectal Disease,17(10).. Di Gesaro, A. (2012). Self-care and patient strengthening in stoma management.Gastrointestinal Nursing,10(2). Vierimaa, e. a. (2015). Forthcoming, randomized investigation on the utilization of a prosthetic work for anticipation of parastomal hernia of changeless colostomy. . Illnesses of the colon rectum, 58(10), 943-949. Wright, Davis, Koehler, Scheeres, . (2014). Cost-productivity and results in the treatment of punctured peptic ulcer sickness: laparoscopic versus open methodology. Medical procedure, 156(4), 1003-1008. Award, M., McCorkle, R., Hornbrook, M. C., Wendel, C. S., Krouse, R. (2013). Advancement of an incessant consideration ostomy self-administration program.Journal of Cancer Education,28(1), 70-78. Zanella, S., Di Leo, A. (2016). Utilization of Vacuum-Assisted Closure in the Management of Colostomy.Surgical Infections Case Reports,1(1), 165-168. https://doi.org/10.1089/crsi.2016.0043 Zhang, W. F., Zheng, . (2017). The preoperative response and dynamic procedure with respect to colostomy medical procedure among Chinese rectal malignant growth patients. European Journal of Oncology Nursing, 28, 107-113.

Essay Sample Chevening

Essay Sample CheveningChevening essay samples are something that you can get from the company where you are applying for your first job. As well as giving you a short sample of how to compose a decent and not-so-derogatory essay, they will also give you information on the different kinds of essays that are on offer. This can help you determine which one would suit you the best.The Chevening essay samples that you will be given will help you decide on whether or not you want to look at them more closely. You might want to and, in this case, you will have to make a decision on how to go about getting it. Your chances of getting the correct one are extremely high because these companies pay out big money to write these papers.If you do not have much of a choice, you can also opt to get free Chevening essay samples to help you with your decision. These are quite interesting and people usually like the idea of getting something for free as opposed to paying anything. So why not take advan tage of the situation and see what they have to offer.When looking for Chevening essay samples, you should know that you are getting exactly what you are looking for. All of these are the same and only have differences in how the cover letter parts of the documents look. However, in all cases, they all are great sources of insight and help for you.So if you are in the right place, this should be good enough. There are plenty of places where you can find the right paper that you want. With the right paper, you can write an outstanding cover letter that is both professional and personal.The Chevening essay samples can also come in handy for people who have a specific need. Instead of just having a hard time with the written word, you should look for a paper that helps you in a big way. You will not be putting all of your effort into just one area and finding it quite helpful.There are plenty of places where you can find the Chevening essay samples that you want. With the right paper, you can give yourself a leg up when writing an effective cover letter. In some cases, you might be required to have this option.Another thing that you should note is that you should not just choose the one that has the most spelling errors. This means that you should look for one that has very few errors. The point is to make sure that the essay is as clear and professional as possible.

Eading and Writing about Arguments Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Eading and Writing about Arguments - Essay Example One ought to consistently appeal to demand for help from God. Supplications ought to consistently be everybody's first retreat since we ought to consistently welcome God first under different life circumstances. Much the same as the way, a youngster goes to their dad to converse with them; each individual has the duty of coming to address him (Bounds, 2007, p. 12). For Christians to carry on with a straight life, they ought to be guided by petitions simply like Jesus. A Christian faces the issue of making sure about a private spot where they can have their supplications. Jesus constantly found an exit plan through which he could have his petitions. Petitions are colossally compelling in the life of a Christian since they reinforce a person’s confidence. For us to copy the life of Jesus Christ, we need to supplicate all the time. It is hard to be steady in one's supplications, however one needs to make it a propensity to implore all the time. There is no contrast between asking in a community gathering and imploring at home. Supplication is a methods through which Christians convey to God to communicate their requirements and their affection for Him. There is no distinction between asking at home or in the congregation since God will answer the petitions. I feel that gave one implores suitably the spot of love isn't imperative. The pivotal thing is to communicate one's supplications and emotions to God. God will answer everybody's supplications. A few people believe that supplicating at a community gathering is more powerful than imploring at home. This is on the grounds that; at the congregation there is an assembly of individuals who guarantee that the petitions are community. At the point when individuals ask in a gathering, they support each other and applause in a gathering. This goes about as an increasingly powerful method for supplicating and God is monstrously glad when individuals participate in petitions. At a chapel gathering, Christians have different methods for revering which are likewise massively successful. Individuals accept that adulating is twice as compelling as petitions and subsequently individuals want lauding to supplicating as the procedure of love. In the congregation, Christians share declarations about Gods sign in their life and this reinforces the confidence of others in the congregation (Bounds, 2007, p. 32). At the point when one faces a test, one meets others who may be encountering difficulties that are somewhat troublesome. This will guarantee that individuals will have an alternate way to deal with the issues they experience. The facts demonstrate that imploring all together is superior to alone. Individuals ought to consistently hold hands with regards to supplications. They ought to have the soul of harmony that will guarantee that they appreciate the petition meeting. Jesus showed others how its done by outlining the need of supplicating together. He indicated his educates the Lord’s P rayer and urged to remain together. Before the consecrated minister gave the warriors consent to aggrieve him, he urged the twelve followers to supplicate until the latest possible time. Supplicating is especially essential for all individuals and Christians have an obligation to make a normal demonstration. Clerics ought to guarantee that they remind individuals to supplicate consistently in order to keep up a sincere relationship with God. For an individual to get the realm of God, one must be persevering in petitions and abstain from being corrupt. It doesn't really make a difference where Christians convey to God through petitions. God will answer the petitions that one imparts to him (Bounds, 2007, p. 36). Individuals may present their supplications in chapel or at home contingent upon the conditions that they face in their everyday life. For example, there are individuals with different body handicaps and thus can't make

How to Start a Social Issue Project

<h1>How to Start a Social Issue Project</h1><p>What could be more persuading than having a battle that achieves its objectives in a compelling way? This is the objective of any social issue venture. With a demonstrated record of accomplishment, a crusade for a social issue can develop rapidly.</p><p></p><p>Issues concerning correspondence have surely gotten noticeable in the course of recent years. Numerous examinations have indicated that a greater number of occupations are made for ladies than for men. The compensations of ladies have expanded by twofold digits and they presently dwarf men in numerous fields. Subsequently, there is a need to make programs that will support and help advance equity and reasonableness for all Americans.</p><p></p><p>Although there are numerous philanthropic associations that may exist to address social issues, the best advantage is the contribution of others. At the point when people co mbine for a reason, for example, marriage fairness, they increase a feeling of brotherhood and become more acquainted with each other. They likewise figure out how to function all things considered to accomplish a shared objective. Through the information on cooperating, they additionally build up a significant group ethic that will last a lifetime.</p><p></p><p>An individual can start a social issue venture by finding the right associations to join. The ones that coordinate the points of the crusade will make it simpler to find backing and assets for the social issue they are taking a shot at. Likewise, the associations may have broad involvement with managing social issues and will give various resources.</p><p></p><p>Individuals can start their own social issue battle by reaching their nearby state and national government authorities and requesting support. They might have the option to impact a modest quantity of progress in these workplaces. Another choice is to contact the National Organization for Marriage, which has gained a lot of ground by upholding for same-sex marriage rights.</p><p></p><p>Individuals additionally have the choice of beginning an appeal to put the issue on the plan of their locale or town board. This would require cash and a lot of time. In some cases, there is minimal open investment toward the start, yet this is better left for a progressively formal crusade later. An appeal can fill in as a compelling methods for getting the message out about the issue.</p><p></p><p>To become familiar with social issue ventures, visit the site of The Online Institute. There is an abundance of data about social issues accessible. From how to set up an extend and oversee it, to arranging the general battle, the Institute gives clear, compact guidelines. Visit the site to discover how you can achieve your crusade rapidly and easily.</p>

Topics For Native American Research Paper Writing

<h1>Topics For Native American Research Paper Writing</h1><p>Native American Research Paper Writing Topics for Native American Research Paper Writing are a significant piece of the college class work at any University. You should realize that there are numerous sorts of points for you to expound on, and that there are a few themes that are going to give you more composing consideration than others.</p><p></p><p>This might be the situation provided that you are doing research on a subject that isn't notable, all things considered, your theme will be more exhausting than if you somehow happened to do an exploration paper regarding a matter that numerous individuals think about and talk about. I accept that if you somehow managed to pick an intriguing point for your examination paper, at that point you will get all the more composing consideration from the professor.</p><p></p><p>One of the better and furthermore one of t he most superb approaches to pick a subject for your exploration paper is to attempt to adopt the thought process of a Native American. Most Native Americans would concur that their lifestyle was a secret to the greater part of us. With regards to expounding on them in a paper, they would need their accounts to be told, and they would need the educator to accomplish their work for them.</p><p></p><p>This implies that there will be all the more composing assignments for you to do, in light of the fact that Native Americans and their narratives will be the subjects of your Native American research paper. That implies that you ought to do whatever you can to expound on the things that are nearest to the core of the individuals that live in those zones that you are studying.</p><p></p><p>As a Native American analyst, you should have the option to write in their vernacular, and in the event that you can't, you ought to consider picking anot her subject for your Native American research paper. Lamentably, you will need to pick the point before you even beginning composing your paper, and this is something that you should take very seriously.</p><p></p><p>A great tip to help you with regards to subjects for your Native American research paper is to consider the things that you feel are generally significant. At that point you can expound on these things, since you definitely realize how to write in their language.</p><p></p><p>As you start to consider the language, you will find that you can rapidly get the words and expressions that you have to compose your paper. There are some school level composing courses that will assist you with figuring out how to compose like a Native American, and this will help you with regards to your composing assignments as well.</p><p></p><p>By utilizing the instruments that are accessible to you, including word proces sors and programming, you will find that you can compose a Native American research paper on points that you are generally OK with. This will make your paper simpler to peruse and will likewise make it progressively pleasant to you.</p>

Nursing Entrance Essay Examples

<h1>Nursing Entrance Essay Examples</h1><p>Nursing passageway exposition tests are generally given to colleges by pre-prescription schools. A considerable lot of the projects that require a passageway exposition test will initially check your experience and scholastics. It is normally accepted that huge numbers of the inquiries posed as of now are genuinely standard, however there are some clinical schools which really center in around your composing aptitudes too. Similarly as with some other application, your paper tests will be founded on an assortment of components, for example, grades, execution on a selection test, research data, and individual details.</p><p></p><p>A great approach to begin is to perceive what different schools offer you. You should visit the school, be acquainted with a portion of the workforce, and see what different understudies need to state about their composing tests. Now, the feeling that an employee establishes is generally the primary connection you'll get, so consistently think about that. Additionally, inquire as to whether you can take the examples home with you. Numerous employees like to give them out as tokens of your visit.</p><p></p><p>If you don't satisfy the guideline for a passageway article test, a considerable lot of the schools that don't utilize this test for confirmation will cause you to compose a similar paper with an alternate title. This is particularly valid for first year recruit or students from other schools. Despite the fact that these two gatherings have comparative needs, their teachers might have the option to pull off marginally less requesting essays.</p><p></p><p>It is imperative to comprehend that the article for induction into nursing programs is normally very long, and could be the most troublesome of a wide range of utilizations. Most schools will request at any rate 250 words by and large. Notwithstanding , you should attempt to be unique with your substance. Your article can likewise be short and direct.</p><p></p><p>Most universities will request that you compose a general exposition for first year recruits, and afterward in the event that you need to take entrance tests in later years, they will probably catch up with a particular theme for these classes. In spite of the fact that these sorts of exposition tests as a rule contrast little from each other, recollect that these tests should have obvious bearings. For instance, a particular subject for Freshman affirmation is think about the main year in school. For students from other schools, the principle contrast would be that they would focus on their clinical professions and can be substantially more adaptable in their topics.</p><p></p><p>It is additionally conceivable to get composing tests of others' papers, yet the least demanding approach to get this is apply to nursing school s. While you will most likely need to give some example article work to their entrance advisory board, you will locate that a large number of different schools will send their own example papers alongside the application bundle. Remember that the entirety of the composing tests are composed to accomplish a similar reason, which is to deliver a cognizant section that gives the peruser a feeling of your style.</p><p></p><p>In expansion to helping clinical establishments with their enlistment choice, confirmation articles can likewise be an extraordinary method to win grant cash. Clinical schools as a rule consider the accompanying properties in a candidate: scholarly accomplishments, extracurricular exercises, initiative capacities, and network contribution. Most grant projects will require a base evaluation point normal and will likewise search for whether you are taking the selection test and have finished the necessary number of hours for that particular cla ss. They may likewise consider whether you have exhibited you possess enough free energy for contemplating, just as your test scores.</p><p></p><p>Overall, the nursing passage paper test might be your most solid option for getting yourself took note. It is typically done, and by and large mirrors the abilities and character that you are attempting to depict. There are a couple of focal points to composing a paper like this also, for example, the way that you can practice and calibrate the style, just as the way that it doesn't take extremely long to compose and is a great deal of fun.</p>

An Actionable Tutorial on Literary Research Papers in Simple Step by Step Order

<h1> An Actionable Tutorial on Literary Research Papers in Simple Step by Step Order</h1> <h2> Literary Research Papers - the Conspiracy </h2> <p>The beginning of research is the dispatch of a vast field of request that fills in as the mode English majors must utilize to get away from the snare. These inquiries include the ones that were created in the beginning. The best that you can do to stop getting confounded is to get a blueprint for the survey. </p> <p>It's not exactly as simple as composing an exposition about your late spring excursion, your relatives, or the past gathering you've been to, as you don't have to do research to find out about your own understanding. Before getting down to the genuine composition, it's shrewd to deliver a framework of how you're probably going to structure the gathered data. You probably won't have the option to discover point by point and present data in regards to the net and you'll need to allude to a cademic books, for complete information. With our hand crafted paper offer, you can be ensured to get any kind of article help you are looking for. </p> <h2> The Basics of Literary Research Papers </h2> <p>When you're doled out with an abstract examination, your basic role is to look at and study a specific bundle of writing to grasp what central matters it means to render. What that composing really resembles, notwithstanding the prerequisites important to uncover authority recorded as a hard copy, should be customized relying upon the understudy's own objectives. Consequently, you should be set up for arranged assignments and observe diverse paper types and their idiosyncrasies. It is smarter in the first place the most basic data and after that step by step proceed onward to less significant realities and thoughts. </p> <h2> A Secret Weapon for Literary Research Papers </h2> <p>The contention paper will likewise have restriction. A specific postulation articulation should then be composed, however you need to make certain it isn't expressed looking like an inquiry. Presumably it interests the author just because of the fascinating idea of the subject, however you can't disregard the straightforward reality that everyone can't come until the standard of composing a perfect scholarly research paper. The creator of a prosperous contention paper will give a fair measure of time pouring over research which most backings their contention. </p> <h2> The Foolproof Literary Research Papers Strategy</h2> <p>Literature article isn't a developed action and ought to be composed briefly. Composing writing survey is extremely fast. Understudies regularly get befuddled when it has to do with composing writing audit. Numerous understudies find that it's very difficult to choose the subject without anyone else or see how each type of writing should be organized. </p> <h2>Facts, Fiction and Li terary Research Papers </h2> <p>With its guide, you may incredibly quicken the technique and upgrade the bore of your up and coming work. In addition, you can demand master help. Your work is likely going to just be perused by the individuals who have some expertise in your general vicinity. For the enormous part, you will separate the abstract work into different segments so as to think of a superior authority of the work totally. </p> <h2>What Is So Fascinating About Literary Research Papers? </h2> <p>If you ought to compose just 1 paper at the finish of the period, you can inhale out since you are honored. You should simply to choose one. Proficient composing administration will unravel challenges with schoolwork at any level without any deferrals. It's conceivable to discover more data with respect to understudies' research papers here. </p> <p>If this is the situation, you will need to review your paper by methods for a structure that is more perplexing than that utilized for just a writing survey. A scholarly investigation article is a kind of exposition which includes a pugnacious examination of a touch of writing. Presently you have the inquiry and you've accumulated the significant proof, utilize the resulting plot for abstract investigation to create the ideal exposition. In the event that you're despite everything perplexed how to form a diagram for your scholarly investigation paper, you may find models on the web. </p> <h2>The Foolproof Literary Research Papers Strategy </h2> <p>To put it in an unexpected way, you need to decide how you have to approach and arrange your paper. Exchange Dialog is regularly used to present points and huge data and proceeds with the freedom of articulation theme. Scholarly Analysis Example A case of an applied investigation is the one which solicits the author to look at issues from sex or private personality and the manner in which they identify with their own private life.</p> <p>As long as it's related with your particular locale of study, it should be destined to be the best theme for you. As a rule, you are going to need to direct your exploration by using these assets. It appears that picking research paper subjects have transformed into the most troublesome game-plan. Without an appropriate substance, better than average research paper points don't bode well. </p> <h2>The Death of Literary Research Papers </h2> <p>For a few understudies, an abstract investigation look into paper may be a genuine test especially for the individuals who face it for the absolute first time in their lives. It is a sort of paper that expects to examine basically a specific work of writing. Additionally the essayists ought to basically assess the activity of the writer in theliterary examine paper rather than straightforwardly condemn the author. Before scripting the last research paper essayists ought t o win an exploration paper plot. </p> <p>Writing a flourishing examination paper isn't straightforward work. Scholarly language may frequently be tricky for the new understudies to fathom. Numerous instructors and teachers use examine papers as a way to gage your exertion and information on the general course material. </p> <p>Scroll down the page so as to see additional exposition tests which may help you in making your own special artistic article. To put it in an unexpected way, you'll be gathering data from outside sources that are identified with your proposal and which help bolster your most significant focuses. The perfect theme for a writing audit is simply the main content you have perused and like. There are a few distinct components associated with composing a successful exposition. </p> <p>Suggest an association between factors which underpins the huge theory. The writing survey can assist with uncovering why there's a requirement for more investigation into the recently explored issues and the manner in which the paper can fulfill this target. A flourishing exploration paper satisfies the target of raising perusers' information on a specific subject. Consider the information given, and you're certain to make an incredible scholarly analysis inquire about paper. </p>